<script async='async' crossorigin='anonymous' src='https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8954642239486644'></script> <ins class='adsbygoogle' data-ad-client='ca-pub-8954642239486644' data-ad-format='fluid' data-ad-layout-key='-g8+10-3j-f8+14x' data-ad-slot='8955420971' style='display:block'></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> September 2016

Bio Technology

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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Bio Technology 201</b></span></div>
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  <b> <span style="background-color: lime;">Definition.</span>   <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">T</span></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">he exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic                            manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="background-color: white;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">  </span></span> <span style="background-color: orange;">For Download Notes Click the Link Below..</span></b></span></div>
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 <b> Course Guide lines.</b>  <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/3zd7qqye55yq9va/Guidline%28key%29_for_notes.docx">Click Here for Download</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;"> (</span><span style="color: #38761d;"> 1)  Application of DNA Tecnology..</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>1)<span style="font-size: large;">  </span><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/vz4feaa7a68bxr9/Application_of_biotec_in_Agri%2C_and_others.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">                             </span><span style="color: #cc0000;"> (2)</span> <span style="color: #cc0000;">Cell and DNA Manipulation</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>2) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/eguk34zu34pdjri/Cell_and_DNA_manipulation.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">                            </span><span style="color: purple;">(3) Central Dogma of DNA</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>3) i) <span style="color: #3d85c6;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/na414sp42ljmki4/Central_dogma_Excerpt_1.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes</a>..</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>  (ii)</b></span><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/bosn43cnfyf5djj/Central_dogma_excerpt_2.pdf" target="_blank"><b>C</b><b>lick Here for Dow</b><b>nload Notes..</b></a><br />
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                                       <span style="color: #274e13; font-size: medium;"><b>(4) </b></span><span style="color: #274e13; font-size: medium;"><b>The Molecular Basis of Inheritance</b></span><br />
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<b>4) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/k3h4wp7ipke3k7m/Molecular_basis_of_biology.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                           <b>5)</b> <b>The Molecular Basis of  Biology</b><br />
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<b>5) </b><b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/j7ctbrivfe5wito/Molecular_basis_of_biology.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                                <b>6) PCR</b><br />
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<b>6) </b><b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/lvyzkj9qltam6ur/PCR.doc" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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<b><u>The DNA Toolbox</u></b><br />
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<li> In 1995, a major scientific milestone was announced: For the</li>
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first time, researchers had sequenced the entire genome of<br />
a free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzac.<br />
This news electrified the scientific community. Few among<br />
them would have dared to dream that a mere 12 years later,<br />
genome sequencing would be under way for more than 2,000<br />
species. By 2fX17, researchers had completely sequenced hundreds<br />
of prokaryotic genomes and dozens of eukaryotic ones,<br />
including all 3 billion base pairs ofthe human genome.<br />
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<li>Ultimately, these achievements can be attributed to ad·</li>
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vances in DNA technology-methods of working with and<br />
manipulating DNA-that had their roots in the 1970s. A key<br />
accomplishment was the invention of techniques for making<br />
recombinant DNA, DNA molecules formed when segments<br />
of DNA from two different sources-often different speciesare<br />
combined in vitro (in a test tube). This advance set the<br />
stage for further development of powerful techniques for analyzing<br />
genes and gene expression. How scientists prepare recombinant<br />
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<li>DNA and use DNA technology to answer</li>
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fundamental biological questions are one focus ofthis chapter.<br />
Another focus of the chapter is how our lives are affected by<br />
biotechnology, the manipulation oforganisms or their compo·<br />
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<b><u>DNA Cloning and Its</u></b><br />
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Most methods for cloning pieces ofDNA<br />
in the laboratory share certain general<br />
features. One common approach uses<br />
bacteria, most often Escherichia coli. Recall<br />
from Chapter 16 that the E. coli chromosome<br />
is a large circular molecule of<br />
DNA. In addition, E. coli and many other<br />
bacteria have plasmids, small circular<br />
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<li>DNA molecules that replicate separately</li>
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from the bacterial chromosome. A plasmid<br />
has only a small number of genes;<br />
these genes may be useful when the bacterium<br />
is in a particular environment but<br />
may not be required for survival or reproduction<br />
under most conditions.</div>
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Bio Technology

Bio Technology 201 Definition. T he exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genet...

Agronomy

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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>Agronomy 102</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Agronomy</span> is defined agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop production and field management.</b></div>
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<b>Agron-102 Principles of Agronomy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span> 3(2-1) </b></div>
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<b><u>THEORY</u></b></div>
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<b>Agronomy-definition and scope. Principles of Agronomy Tillage: its objectives and types. Use of quality seed, seed multiplication and distribution systems. Crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers; their classification, composition, sources and methods of application. Green manuring. Irrigation management; irrigation methods. Water use efficiency. Crop protection, Marketing and harvesting. Crop rotations; principles and types.</b></div>
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<b><u>PRACTICAL</u></b></div>
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<b>Demonstration and use of tillage implements Preparatory tillage, seedbed preparation and intercultural operations. Seed purity analysis. Identification of organic and inorganic fertilizers and manures. Calculation of nutrient cum fertilizer unit value. Demonstration and layout of various irrigation methods. Identification of crop pests. Visits to University Farms</b></div>
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<b>  <span style="color: red; font-size: large;">For Download Notes Click the  Link Below..</span></b></div>
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<b>1- Scope of Agronomy.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/bpdr1m2o7cej227/scope_of_agronomy.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>2-Principles of Agronomy.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/a12faibxaon09b8/The_Principles_of_Agronomy_a_Text-Book_of_Crop_Production_for_1000074322.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>3-Study of Seed.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/yfab4fgxw8o3wty/Seed.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>4-Tillage.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/feqd2qvd21b6fej/Tillage_1%28Slides%29.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>5-Tillage and Cultivation.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/re58yk215mhq1l8/Tillage_and_Cultivation%28Slides%29.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>6-Tillage Practical Notes.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/3g9k1b2ppp73b4o/Tillage%28Practical_notes%29.pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></b></div>
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<b>7-Irrigation System.. </b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/70b2ppqr2o237qd/9th_lecture_Irrigation_scheduling.ppt" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Click Here</b></span><b> </b></a></div>
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8-<b>Irrigation Types..</b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/w3t7xbdfblb6dao/8th_lecture%2C_Week_8%2C_Drip_and_Sprinkler.pptx" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Click Here</b></span><b> </b></a></div>
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Agronomy

Agronomy 102 Agronomy is defined agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop production and field management. ...

Agri Extension

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<span style="font-size: large;">Agri Extension 202</span></h2>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">Agricultural extension</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-decoration: none;" title="Farmer">farmer</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> education.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif;"><b>For more details Click the Link Below..</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;"><b><u>Introduction</u></b></span></div>
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<li> Pakistan is a developing country with agro-based</li>
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<span style="color: #252525;">economy. Providing sufficient food, fiber and fuel</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">wood for the burgeoning population and agro-based</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">industries seem to be a major challenge ahead</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">(Govt.of Pakistan, 2006). In spite of such a great</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">importance, the crops yields in Pakistan are generally</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">low as compared to international yield (FAO, 2004).</span></div>
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<li>However, the yield gaps of crops are very vast in the</li>
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<span style="color: #252525;">Punjab province (Govt.of Punjab, 2005). Agricultural</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">production in developing countries continued to be</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">low and it was generally believed that dearth of</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">information tailored to local needs and lack of</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">technical knowledge at the farm level were the</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">principal factors for this low and stagnant production</span></div>
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<li>(Muhammad, 1994). This situation calls for an</li>
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<span style="color: #252525;">effective efficient organization dealing with the</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">dissemination of the latest agricultural technologies</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">among farmers. Agricultural extension, which is</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">essentially a message delivery system, has a major</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">role to play in agricultural development. It serves as a</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">source of advice and assistance for farmers to help</span></div>
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<span style="color: #252525;">them improve their crop production (Adams, 1988).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large;"><b>Mid Course</b></span></div>
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<b>For Download Notes Click the Link Below</b></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;">Agri. Extension System in Punjab.. </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/30pnvjtp3r30skp/Extension%2C..pdf" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<b>1-</b>Communications Process.. <span style="font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/755cggk2c2ejgj6/Communications_Process_AEE-202.ppt" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<b>2</b>-Steps of Program Planning..<span style="font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/57qop39ckja2d3n/steps_of_programme_planning.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>3</b>-Program planning and Principles for Agri Extension.. </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/7raep4jmdrmfvfu/Program_Planning__Priciples_of_programme_planning.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>4</b>-Principles of Effective Extension.. </span><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/fc3ox403nc86h2j/slides_bPrinciples_of_Effective_Extension_Work.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">                                      <b>Final Course</b></span></div>
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<b>1-</b>Innovation..   <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/kacdea7rjmsuebb/08_-_Rogers_DOI_Theory.pdf" target="_blank">Click H</a></span><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/tkcfxcij3m2w1ts/1._Innovation.pptx" style="font-size: x-large;" target="_blank">ere</a></div>
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<b>2</b>-Adult Education.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/nragt5z7ros3vma/Adult_Education.ppt" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>3</b>-Group Techniques.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/qx2xtf7s4jg7dst/10_-_Group_Techniques_-_ETM.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>4</b>-Individual Contact Methods..<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/477b4239s1i89oy/10_-_Individual_Contact_Methods_-_ETM.pptx" target="_blank"> Click Here</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>5</b>-Mass Contact Methods.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/w0wvobn4c4moypg/MASS_CONTACT_METHODS.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><b>6</b>-Education and types of Education.. <span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/lz02kv42jo1co74/Education_and_types_of_Education.pptx" target="_blank">Click Here</a></span></span></div>
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Agri Extension 202 Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through ...

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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Climate Change</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">Also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">climate change</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;"> is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.</span></div>
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Climate Change Also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific cons...

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