Statistics

                                                                 Statistics 102     

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                                              1) Introduction to Basic Concepts

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                                                      2) Basics of Statistics

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                                     3)  Measures of central tendency

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                                    4)    Measures of Variation

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                                                      5)     Presentation of data


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                                                       6)Sampling Distribution.ppt


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                                                       7) Test of Hypothesis by population mean

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Introduction;

• Descriptive and Inferential Statistics .                                                                                          There are two major types of statistics. The branch of statistics devoted to the summarization and description of data is called descriptive statistics and the branch of statistics concerned with using sample data to make an inference about a population of data is called inferential statistics. Definition 1.6 (Descriptive Statistics). Descriptive statistics consist of methods for organizing and summarizing information (Weiss, 1999) Definition 1.7 (Inferential Statistics). Inferential statistics consist of methods for drawing and measuring the reliability of conclusions about population based on information obtained from a sample of the population. (Weiss, 1999) Descriptive statistics includes the construction of graphs, charts, and tables, and the calculation of various descriptive measures such as averages, measures of variation, and percentiles. In fact, the most part of this course deals with descriptive statistics. Inferential statistics includes methods like point estimation, interval estimation and hypothesis testing which are all based on probability theory.

Qualitative variable

• The number of observations that fall into particular class (or category) of the qualitative variable is called the frequency (or count) of that class. A table listing all classes and their frequencies is called a frequency distribution

                    Relative frequency of the class = Frequency in the class
                                                                         Total number of observation


Quantitative variable 

• The data of the quantitative variable can also presented by a frequency distribution. If the discrete variable can obtain only few different values, then the data of the discrete variable can be summarized in a same way as qualitative variables in a frequency table. In a place of the qualitative categories, we now list in a frequency table the distinct numerical measurements that appear in the discrete data set and then count their frequencies.