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FMP ( Farm Management Practices )

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> FMP ( 201 )  </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><u>Definiation</u>;-</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>                   F</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">arm management practices with </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">green growth potential</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, from farmer-led innovations (such as those directly linked to soil and water, Integrated Pest Management, organic farming) to science-led technologies (such as biotechnology and </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">precision </b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">agriculture.</span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><u>Introduction</u>;-</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>                     </b></span></span><span style="color: #505050;">The introduction of intelligent machines and autonomous vehicles to agricultural operations will allow for increased efficiency as well as for reduced environmental impact. Currently, innovative sensing and actuating technologies together with improved information and communication technologies provide the potential for such advancements. However, the full exploitation of these engineering advances requires the traditional agricultural machinery management process to be revisited. As a result, traditional agricultural operations planning methods, especially the job-shop planning methodology, must be supplemented with new planning features, such as route planning and sequential task scheduling. The objectives of this review are to outline current and required advances in agricultural machinery management to prepare for future intelligent manned and/or autonomous sustainable operations in agriculture. In the following sections, five key management tasks for agricultural machinery management are selected that span the various management phases and levels.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>For Download Notes Click the Link Below..</u></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>                                                     Lecture 1 & 2</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>1) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ail9wl58t9069e5/FMP-201_Lecture_1b_%26_2_Intro_to_farm_mechanization%252c_history%252cscope%252cetc%25_%282%29.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>                                                      Lecture # 3</b></span><br />
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/xdnfhkk4yetcbbv/FMP-201_Lecture_3_Engine_%26_its__Components%40Engr.M.Faheem_%281%29.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                            <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>Lecture # 3b</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>3) </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/oydz9zczkfkmbn3/FMP-201_Lecture_3_Engine_Terminologies%40Engr.M._Faheem_%281%29.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">                                                       Lecture # 4</b><br />
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4)  </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/v8foq0x5e6yakkw/FMP-201_Lecture_4_%282-Stroke_%26_4_Stroke_Engine%29_%40Engr._Muhammad_Faheem_%281%29.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>                                                      Lecture # 5</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>5) </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/b4xbi5qfwz75ie7/FMP-201_Lecture_5_Spark_%26_Compression_Ignition_eng%40Engr.M.Faheem.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                         <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">  Lecture # 6</span></b><br />
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<b>6)  </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/0ks9d3k2kle8b8j/FMP-201_Lecture_6_Cooling_System_%40Engr.M.Waqar_Akram.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                     <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>     Lecture # 7</b></span><br />
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<b>7) </b><b> </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/32fodovuks7z2ou/FMP-201_Lecture_7_Lubrication_System_%40Engr.M.Waqar_Akram.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                         <b> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lecture # 8</span></b><br />
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<b>8) </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/gr7edxbdcg13s2f/FMP-201_Lecture_8_Fuel_%26_Transmission_System_%40Engr.M.Waqar_Akram.pptx.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                        <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lecture # 9</span></b><br />
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<b>9) </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/e2oo614wi4vg198/FMP-201_Lecture_9_Mainteeness.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                        <b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lecture # 10</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10) </span></b><b> </b><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/g8cbf8qcf18pntg/FMP-201_Lecture_10_Tillage_Implements.pptx">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                         <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Lecture # 11</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>11) C</b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/fcxaai4kabbbzs8/FMP-201_Lecture_11_Sowing_%26_Planting_Machinery.pptx">lick Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                        <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Lecture # 12</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>12) </b></span><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/hm4jzjf9znp1t1l/FMP-201_Lecture_12_Plant_Protection_Equipment_%40Engr.M.Waqar_Akram_-_Copy_%281%29.ppt"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>C</b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">lick Here for Download Notes..</b></a><br />
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FMP ( Farm Management Practices )

FMP ( 201 ) Definiation;- Farm management practices with green growth potential, from farmer-led innovations (such …

MAB ( Marketing and Agri-Business )

<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Marketing and Agri Business ( MAB 201)</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Definition;-</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                 </b>Agri-business is the sum total of all operations involved in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the manufacture and distribution of farm  supplies,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">production  </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">activities on  the  farm, storage,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">processing and</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">distribution of </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">farm commodities and items made from them.”</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red;">For Download the Notes Click the Links Below.</span></b><br />
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                                                <b> Chapter 1 Introduction To Agri Business</b><br />
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<b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/7zn14srlc4a4i19/Chapter_1_-_The_business_of_agribusiness.pptx">Click Her for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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                                                              <b> Chapter 2 Agri Business </b><br />
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<b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/sdue8pi723s0rp2/Chapter_2_-_Managing_the_Agribusiness.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b><br />
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MAB ( Marketing and Agri-Business )

Marketing and Agri Business ( MAB 201) Definition;- Agri-business is the sum total of all operations involved in the manufacture and distri…

Soil Sciences

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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                                                       Soil Science ( SES 101)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Definition;-</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                T</b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">he branch of science concerned with the formation, nature, ecology, and classification of soil.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Introduction;-</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                  <b style="text-align: justify;">Soil</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> is the unconsolidated
upper part of the earth’s crust which serves as a natural medium for the growth
of plants. It is dynamic in nature and composed of mineral and organic
materials, water, air and living forms (plants and animals) that supports plant
growth.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In any ecosystem, whether your backyard, a farm, a forest, or a regional
watershed, soils have six key roles to play:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span>Soil supports the growth of higher plants mainly by
providing a medium for plant roots and supplying nutrients.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span>Soil properties are the principal factor controlling
the fate of water in hydrological system</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span>Soil functions as nature’s recycling system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span>Soils provide habitats for living organisms.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span>Soils markedly influence the composition and physical
condition of the atmosphere. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span>In human-built ecosystem, soil plays an important role
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Soil
Science</b> is a branch of science/agriculture that deals
with soils as a natural resource on the surface of earth. It includes the study
of soil formation, classification and the physical, chemical, biological and
fertility properties of soils in relation to their management for growth of
plants and sustaining a clean environment</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                                                         </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                                                             1) Mid Course</b></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/g74y6dbgqo66s1r/Complete_Lecture_Notes_%28Mid_Term%29.docx"><br /></a></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/g74y6dbgqo66s1r/Complete_Lecture_Notes_%28Mid_Term%29.docx">Click Here for Download Mid Course..</a></b></div>
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                                                                  <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>2) Final Course</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ibssqlm5mzg2es9/SES-101_Final_Lectures.docx">Click Here for Download Final Course Notes..</a></b></span></div>
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Soil Sciences

Soil Science ( SES 101) Definition;- The branch of science concerned with the formation, nature, ecology, and classification of …

Forestry

<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Forestry 201</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiYMrKrAsGrhvSUUEoq1Kmvb3tJxUFwuSYrmy4x3L4pBTUClQVLYfq-Onlb8VqfC9DxKjUtElG5SmLiFroFcsPrhh_RL1uJ4whTNVBa7-5j7b-2fCQPSWoi_ZABXFcuFRd2AoFMxJIJ8/s1600/stocklogos-template_1669.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiYMrKrAsGrhvSUUEoq1Kmvb3tJxUFwuSYrmy4x3L4pBTUClQVLYfq-Onlb8VqfC9DxKjUtElG5SmLiFroFcsPrhh_RL1uJ4whTNVBa7-5j7b-2fCQPSWoi_ZABXFcuFRd2AoFMxJIJ8/s200/stocklogos-template_1669.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Definition;-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                  </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">is the science, art and practice of understanding, managing and using wisely the natural resources associated with, and derived from </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">forest</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> lands. These resources include timber, water, fish, wildlife, soil, plants, and recreation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">For Download Notes Click the Links Below..</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">↓</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQj9NhICIo9e_vdD6lFpi9wwPqes-jQt5I8KjrU-FI24redZHGXTOeVlSCtdUuTf9L5PrYcSxIBuHJyBiLHXd4mX_hUX49RUnOk4jh1DWHPu-m1hNnYdhsWTFsjsqiFWhO-cpYmtasbY/s1600/forests-why-matter_63516847.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="660" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQj9NhICIo9e_vdD6lFpi9wwPqes-jQt5I8KjrU-FI24redZHGXTOeVlSCtdUuTf9L5PrYcSxIBuHJyBiLHXd4mX_hUX49RUnOk4jh1DWHPu-m1hNnYdhsWTFsjsqiFWhO-cpYmtasbY/s200/forests-why-matter_63516847.jpg" width="200" /></a><b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                          1) Introduction to Forestry</span></b></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/qblbooop6mwchxw/1-Introduction_Updated.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                       2) Tree Morphology</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/4b6a88d6a958sdh/2_TREE-MORPHOLOGY.ppt">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                        3) Basic Term of  Forestry </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/s0u32pjdf9bb7fp/DOC-20161015-WA0000.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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Forestry

Forestry 201 Definition;- is the science, art and practice of understanding, managing and using wisely the natural resources associated with, and derived from forest lands. These r…

VMD ( Veterinary Medicine Diseases )

<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Veterinary Medicine Diseases (202)</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Definition;-</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                 </b></span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">It
</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">is the branch of
medicine that deals with the </span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">causes,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases </span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">or
injuries of animals</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b>Types ;-</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b>           </b></span><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">•</span></span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.38in;">Contagious disease; </span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; text-indent: -0.38in;">it is a disease that may be transmitted to healthy
animals by </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri"; text-indent: -0.38in;">direct or indirect contact</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; text-indent: -0.38in;"> with infected
animals</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; text-indent: -0.38in;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-special-format: bullet;">•</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">Infectious </span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">disease; </span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">it is a disease which can be transmitted only by a </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "calibri";">specific kind of contact </span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">from one animal to
another</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-special-format: bullet;">•</span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">Communicable </span><span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold;">disease;</span><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> it is a disease that can be communicated from one
animal to another.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">   <b><span style="color: red;">For Download Notes Click The Links Below. </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">↓</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: blue;">                                          </span>1)<span style="color: blue;"> </span></b><b>INTRODUCTION TO VET MED  DISEASE </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>1) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/hmuieyhemqy3xe7/1._INTRODUCTION_TO_VET_MED__DISEASE_CONTROL_%281%29_-_Copy.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                          <b>2) Different Types Of Disease</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                                                     (i) ANOREXIA</b></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -36.48px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/776d5i9w5nrbgnl/2._ANOREXIA.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>                                                     (ii)  FEVER</b></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -36.48px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/1a206d1q0t1cnn5/4._FEVER.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                                     (iii) MASTITIS</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -36.48px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/mdl4677k3j39h1k/5.1_MASTITIS.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                                     (iv) Foot and Mouth</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -36.48px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ol7qo8zdemdtq70/Foot_and_Mouth.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes..</a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">                                                      (v) PPR</span></b></div>
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<b>                                                            Presentation VMD</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></u></b><b><u>Definition of Palpation</u></b><span style="color: #555555;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Palpation</b> is one of the assessment techniques health
providers use during a physical exam to detect certain characteristics of the
body. It's the technique of using the sense of touch to assess parts of the
body. By using different parts of their hands, different characteristics about
the patient's body - such as swelling, size and movement - can be identified.
The information collected can help determine the patient's health status.<span style="color: #555555;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u>Types of
Palpation</u></b><span style="color: #555555;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>fingertips</b> are used in fine tactile
discriminations, such as skin texture, swelling and pulsations. You can collect
information about whether a person's skin is smooth or rough, if there is fluid
in the tissues, and characteristics of pulses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>finger and thumb</b> used in a grasping action
can help determine the position, size and consistency of a body part. This is used
to help thoroughly examine any masses a person may have in the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>back of the fingers and hands</b> are used to
check the body temperature. Since the skin is thinner at this location, it can
easily determine whether a body part is cool, cold, warm or hot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>side of your hands</b> on the same side of your
pinky finger is used to check for vibrations in the body. You can feel this
when you place your hands on a person's chest while they are talking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The <b>front of the fingers</b> are used for light
palpation, deep palpation, light ballottement and deep ballottement. Let's look
at these in more detail.<span style="color: #555555;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><b>Light Palpation<span style="color: #555555;"> </span></b></span>is used to feel
abnormalities that are on the surface. You use the front of your fingers to
gently press down into the area of the body about 1 to 2 centimeters. Then lift
your fingers off the body and move to the next nearby area. This helps identify
the texture, tenderness, temperature, moisture, elasticity, pulsations, and
masses.</span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Deep Palpation  </b>is used to feel internal
organs and masses. You use the front of your fingers to firmly press down into
the area of the body about 4 to 5 centimeters, then lift your fingers off the
body and move to the next nearby area. This helps identify the size, shape,
tenderness, symmetry and mobility. </span></li>
</ul>
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VMD ( Veterinary Medicine Diseases )

Veterinary Medicine Diseases (202) Definition;- It is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis and treatment of …

Horticulture

<b> Horticulture(HORT-102)</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaQUavyXto0mJ6McgXiZN1aGW4HqK9STKcKXCQgrGKs0sqqIa-K6lSAyDmALnK1kBKRdigasv2oKzvgQfAD6UiPBAMgcUq0foV4JPVNpWfj3d912FI8S422X68QYDCiIX6C00Cv2QsmRE/s1600/Horticulture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="400" height="100" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaQUavyXto0mJ6McgXiZN1aGW4HqK9STKcKXCQgrGKs0sqqIa-K6lSAyDmALnK1kBKRdigasv2oKzvgQfAD6UiPBAMgcUq0foV4JPVNpWfj3d912FI8S422X68QYDCiIX6C00Cv2QsmRE/s200/Horticulture.jpg" title="Horticulture 102" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b>Definition;-</b><br />
<b>                </b><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Horticulture</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> is the branch of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of growing plants. It also is the study of plants.</span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>Introduction;- </b></span></span><br />
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<li><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b> </b></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">It includes the cultivation of</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruits" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fruits">fruits</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetables" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeds" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seeds">seeds</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbs" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Herbs">herbs</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Shoot">sprouts</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible_mushroom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Algae">algae</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, flowers,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Seaweed">seaweeds</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and non-food crops such as</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Grass">grass</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_trees" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Ornamental trees">ornamental trees</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">and plants. It also includes</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_biology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Conservation biology">plant conservation</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_ecology" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Restoration ecology">landscape restoration</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, landscape and</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_design" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Garden design">garden design</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">, construction, and maintenance, and</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboriculture" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Arboriculture">arboriculture</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">. Inside agriculture, horticulture contrasts with extensive field farming as well as</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_husbandry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span></li>
<li>Horticulturists apply their knowledge, skills, and technologies used to grow intensively produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. Their work involves <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_propagation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Plant propagation">plant propagation</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> and cultivation with the aim of improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. They work as gardeners, growers, therapists, designers, and technical advisors in the food and non-food sectors of horticulture. Horticulture even refers to the growing of plants in a field or garden.</span></li>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b><u> For Download Notes Click The Links Below</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                    1) Introduction to horticulture..</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>1) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/422v5tkpydebemz/Chap_1%3BIntroduction_to_horticulture%3B1st_lecture.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                     2) Classification of Vegetables..</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>2)</b> </span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/321xb6yb73iwc1a/Classification_of_Vegetables.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">     </b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                     </b></span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">3) Establishment of Garden..</b></div>
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<b>3) </b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/mpm6k4c8zp4hd4z/Establishment_of_Garden.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></div>
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<b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">                                                     4) </b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>Horticultural Classification..</b></span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b></div>
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<b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">4) </b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/dcest66kavtc76v/Horticultural_Classification.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></div>
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<b>                                                    5) Plant Propagation..</b></div>
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<b>5)</b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/x0byhm57f2cawqr/PLANT_PROPAGATION__101.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></div>
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<b>                                                   6) Kitchen Gardening</b></div>
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<b>6) </b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/gfuvb40cmkussnk/Kitchen_Gardening.pptx">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></div>
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                                                      <b><u><span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">Final Course</span></u></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjall3Z-Q83xr2uOCeyJOIxfK9QQ9KZxV7DVD2QPzzxt-Dtj2__iwUOOThkZHfFXMnlL06A_jtXf5wG7mlWv9iZbomUkkJ4NNpt_g1eUFOF24-Iz4wCL0e-8LEsUR0GXyauMejGo0IfYaM/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjall3Z-Q83xr2uOCeyJOIxfK9QQ9KZxV7DVD2QPzzxt-Dtj2__iwUOOThkZHfFXMnlL06A_jtXf5wG7mlWv9iZbomUkkJ4NNpt_g1eUFOF24-Iz4wCL0e-8LEsUR0GXyauMejGo0IfYaM/s200/download.jpg" title="Potatos" width="200" /></a><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><b><u>Protection of Vegetables..</u></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                              1) Potato.       </b></span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">                               </b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                  </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">                                                                                                          </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmOWdWcGXrfZmP44m-vntLxRSu6B5nnWO3gr5a4bf9XWaFH7_J4Cvr_-DTgQK57KWIx-gxPl4NV85th-oyWyNu-lm-Tc98Ai9a4iqH5PBImrIyzF-yXVgX5K1rKF9caqmGM5wAfRtkD0/s1600/Bright_red_tomato_and_cross_section02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="Tomatos" border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmOWdWcGXrfZmP44m-vntLxRSu6B5nnWO3gr5a4bf9XWaFH7_J4Cvr_-DTgQK57KWIx-gxPl4NV85th-oyWyNu-lm-Tc98Ai9a4iqH5PBImrIyzF-yXVgX5K1rKF9caqmGM5wAfRtkD0/s200/Bright_red_tomato_and_cross_section02.jpg" title="Tomatos" width="200" /></a><b>1)</b> <b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/hc8hux9oto80gce/1_-_Potato_%2C_Moudule_6_-_C.M.Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                               2) Tomato.</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>2) </b></span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/73pwy7yhg89497a/2_-_Tomato_%2C_Module_6_-_C.M._Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes. </a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMnNocQ5lr9axIjBD95EBkyj7tVyiFBnF6Dd0I3Wb-SEA4DaLe5iTBd5RzpwwWBZzxk6v6M2kEQ15CDWey-QM91yTrQ6nS7zHs1Jmo0FIw7jQVt9CzNrB_XlAotyAQ9BKe9orllWF6XU/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMnNocQ5lr9axIjBD95EBkyj7tVyiFBnF6Dd0I3Wb-SEA4DaLe5iTBd5RzpwwWBZzxk6v6M2kEQ15CDWey-QM91yTrQ6nS7zHs1Jmo0FIw7jQVt9CzNrB_XlAotyAQ9BKe9orllWF6XU/s200/images.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="200" /></a><b>                                                             3) Cucumber</b><br />
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<b>3) </b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ca780c8j0lmsva2/3_-_Cucumber_%2C_Module_6_-_C.M._Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes.</a></b><br />
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<b>  </b><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyIhAukmBDNpL1fNYbhLtzMdOYiNM-w1HryYIoJ1k5cwREclYbKabjMKzFrw8GUyAnbwdAoSNkWer8W_37Q9qV-qZt9Ix2jryt5KglLtHmqShsfcfcWTHg5axgRhya1CWQj1rBBYXS-M/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Onion" border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyIhAukmBDNpL1fNYbhLtzMdOYiNM-w1HryYIoJ1k5cwREclYbKabjMKzFrw8GUyAnbwdAoSNkWer8W_37Q9qV-qZt9Ix2jryt5KglLtHmqShsfcfcWTHg5axgRhya1CWQj1rBBYXS-M/s200/images+%25281%2529.jpg" title="Onion" width="200" /></a><b>                                                              4) Onion</b><br />
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<b>4)</b> <b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/9ykebvu3aa6ez4g/4_-_Onion_%2C_Module_6_-_C.M._Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes.</a></b><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>                                                                  5) Pruning and Training</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><b>5) </b></span></span><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ct5aeoyy9a5lz6h/Module_5_Pruning_%26_Training_-_Dr._Jaffir_Jaskani.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes.</a></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">                                                      6) Plant Protection Measures </span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6) </span></b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/za8nylcznauyva3/Module_6_-_Plant_Protection_Measures_-_Dr._C.M._Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes.</a></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">                                                      7) Vegetable Production Technology</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7) </span></b><b style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/bloza8vs7bsa933/Module_6_Vegetable_Production_Technology_-_Dr._C.M._Ayyub.pdf">Click Here For Download Notes.</a></b></div>
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Horticulture

Horticulture(HORT-102) Definition;- Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology,…

Food Science Technology

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<b>Food Science Technology 402</b></div>
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<b>Food Science.</b></div>
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<b>                   </b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Food science draws from many disciplines such as biology, chemical engineering, and biochemistry in an   attempt to better understand food processes and ultimately improve food products for the general public.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span></div>
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<b>Food Technology.</b></div>
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                   <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The food you consume on a daily basis is the result of extensive food research, a systematic investigation into a variety of foods’ properties and compositions.</span></div>
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<b>For Download Notes Click the Links Below.</b></div>
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<b>1) Security  Revolutions;</b></div>
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<b>                (1) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/wh4dl1dt01fi3sm/01_Security__Revolutions-.ppt" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b></div>
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<b>2) PREP OPERATIONS;</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">                      </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>(2) <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/5pp2ek5668b3md3/02_PREP_OPERATIONS.ppt" target="_blank">Click Here for Download Notes..</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>3) </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><b>Use of high temperature;</b></span></div>
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<b>4) USE OF HIGH TEMP 2;</b></div>
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                <b> (4) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/wn6ddu719baabtl/04_USE_OF_HIGH_TEMP_2.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>5) LOW TEMP FREEZING;</b></div>
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                 <b>(5) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/dtu886r3ezxwxub/05_LOW_TEMP_FREEZING.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>6) REMOVAL OF MOISTURE 1;</b></div>
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<b>                  (6) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/18xc86rrtxa7tiq/06_REMOVAL_OF_MOISTURE_1.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>7) REMOVAL OR BINDING OF MOISTURE 2;</b></div>
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<b>                  (7) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/pgmtwsdy81lpgiz/06_REMOVAL_OR_BINDING_OF_MOISTURE_2.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>8) USE OF CHEM ADDITIVES 1;</b></div>
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<b>                  (8) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/4pggrrebqc4r4tz/07_USE_OF_CHEM_ADDITIVES_1.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>9) USE OF CHEM ADDITIVES 2;</b></div>
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<b>                  (9) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/5cf2vi58bxb64vy/07_USE_OF_CHEM_ADDITIVES_2.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>10) USE OF FERMENTATIONS 1;</b></div>
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<b>                   (10)<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ctc0bn6yer2yb34/08_USE_OF_FERMENTATIONS_1.ppt" target="_blank"> </a></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ctc0bn6yer2yb34/08_USE_OF_FERMENTATIONS_1.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>11) USE OF FERMENTATIONS 2;</b></div>
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<b>                   (11) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/danu6n2mjdwzmw9/08_USE_OF_FERMENTATIONS_2.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>12) USE OF IRRADIATIONS;</b></div>
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                   <b>(12) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/7rtc6iul43k63v0/08_USE_OF_IRRADIATIONS.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<b>13) FOOD PACKAGING;</b></div>
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                   <b>(13) </b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/s2rcs4fibpcq32s/09_FOOD_PACKAGING.ppt" target="_blank">ClickHere for Download Notes..</a></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMmtm10xKh7olNjO3N2onqIKyUFb928xgIy5CkvY61DHvTjXezLOWZ7JenL3Ea8a2rQSrGa_YMzkbDSue6jNPd2pLnbHGdV5WLoHLZbxJ7ZbGZjMpqOJlB_nIxej1tShakEE60iZ9yngE/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Food Science Tecnhology" border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMmtm10xKh7olNjO3N2onqIKyUFb928xgIy5CkvY61DHvTjXezLOWZ7JenL3Ea8a2rQSrGa_YMzkbDSue6jNPd2pLnbHGdV5WLoHLZbxJ7ZbGZjMpqOJlB_nIxej1tShakEE60iZ9yngE/s320/download.jpg" title="Food Science Tecnhology" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">                                        <u>Contents</u></b></span></div>
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<b>1- </b><b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;"><u>Food</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> - Basic necessity of  all living organisms</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art982C.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #339933; font-family: Arial;">Earlier days</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> - man a hunter and gatherer</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art983C.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> If hunted animal or
collected some food, he   had   food security for day or two</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art983D.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Gradually realized
gathering and hunting   would not suffice</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art983E.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Hence resorted to </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">domestication</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> of selected   plants and animals for food</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art983F.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;">In this process, </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">species</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> with great native   variability
</span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">introduced</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">2-</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art7FB1.tmp" /></span><b><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">Types</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"> that performed best in each area   </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">perpetuated</span></b><br />

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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art7FB2.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Thus giving rise to
distinct varieties and species</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art7FB3.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">Result </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">- </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">good harvests at
times</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art7FB4.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">Environmental</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">political</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">circumstances</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">   (drought, flood, war,
poverty) - general   situation of shortage
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<b><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\art7FC5.tmp" /></span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">Result</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"> - </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">mankind</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"> </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">suffered</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"> from famine and
  inadequate food supply.</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>     </b>                                            </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>3- </b></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAD2.tmp" /></span><b><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">Based on biology - </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">Green Revolution</span></b><br />

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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAD3.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;">  Foundations based on:</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAD4.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Improved </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">breeding</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
techniques</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAE5.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Applications
of science of </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">genetics</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAE6.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">Genetic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">engineering</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAE7.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">Biotechnology</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAE8.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;">  Introduced:</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAF9.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">Semi</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">dwarf</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
wheat varieties</span></b></div>
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<b><img alt="*" src="file:///C:\Users\PRECIO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\artBAFA.tmp" /><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">High</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial;">yielding</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
fertilizer-responsive wheat varieties</span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">Disease</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: #33cc33; font-family: Arial;">resistant</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
wheat varieties.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>4-</b></span><b><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings;">l</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">In food industry several </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">conscious</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;"> </span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">operations</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;"> performed to meet
consumer requirements</span></b><br />

<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">Aim</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ensure raw material
of </span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-family: Arial;">desired</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> quality </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Raw material </span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-family: Arial;">free</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> from unwanted constituents</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Operations collectively called </span><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">preparatory</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">operations.</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 32pt;"></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="text-indent: -36.48px;">
<b style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="text-indent: -0.67in;">5-<span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings;">l</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.67in;">Handling and transportation of raw materials</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cleaning </span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sorting and grading</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Peeling</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Removal of inedible constituents </span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Size reduction</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mixing</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Filtration </span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prevention of enzymatic browning</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.67in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <b>6-</b> </span><b><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings;">l</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">Container
construction:</span></b><br />

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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="color: red; font-family: Arial;">Avoid</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> any aspect that
predisposes food raw material to injury </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Size
and type of container important </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tomatoes
cannot be packed in deep   containers</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Onions
or potatoes, texturally hard, may be   transported
in bags </span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="color: #ff9900; font-family: Arial;">Improper</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> handling,
containerization and transport: </span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="background-color: transparent; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.31in;">Losses
in fruits and vegetables </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.31in;">upto</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.31in;"> 40%.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>7- </b></span><b><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings;">l</span></span><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">Fish</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">
deteriorates rapidly after death</span></b><br />

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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Continuous </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Discontinuous or batch type </span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="color: #ff3300; font-family: Arial;">Continuous</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> pasteurizers:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Single metal tube</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Small metal tubes</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Series of hollow, jacketed plates
- through which liquid food flows</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Heated
to desired temperature by steam or hot water that passes through a jacket.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">10- </span><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings;">l</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: -0.38in;">Food
processor aims at maintaining a balance in destruction of:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">maximum numbers of
microorganisms  and </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">¡</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">minimum nutrients </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
Referred to as </span><span style="color: #339933; font-family: Arial;">commercial sterilization </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">or heat   processing
</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="color: #339933; font-family: Arial;">Definition</span></b></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #ccccff; font-family: Wingdings; mso-color-index: 4; mso-special-format: bullet;">l</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Treatment
aimed at destroying all </span><span style="color: #ff3300; font-family: Arial;">pathogenic</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
and most </span><span style="color: #ff3300; font-family: Arial;">spoilage</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> organisms at the cost of
minimum damage to food texture and nutrients.</span></b></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">                                                                    </span></div>

Food Science Technology

Food Science Technology 402 Food Science. Food science draws from many disciplines such as biology, chemical engineering, and biochemistry in an attempt to better understand food…

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Agrarians Of UAF